Jurisdiction of Courts in the Philippines
In the
case of GLYNNA FORONDA-CRYSTAL
v. ANIANA LAWAS SON (G.R. No. 221815; 29 November 2017) penned by Justice Reyes, the Supreme Court states
that in law, nothing is as elementary as the concept of
jurisdiction, for the same is the foundation upon which the courts exercise
their power of adjudication, and without which, no rights or obligation could
emanate from any decision or resolution.
Thus, when a court has no jurisdiction over the subject matter, the only
power it has is to dismiss the action. (G.R. No. 189950)
Notably, when a court has no jurisdiction over the subject matter of the
claim, a motion to dismiss may be filed.
Below is the summary of what cases fall within the jurisdiction of each
court in the Philippines.
Jurisdiction of Courts in
the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Original
Jurisdiction
Exercise original jurisdiction
over:
(1) cases affecting:
(a) ambassadors,
(b) other
public ministers, and
(c) consuls;
and
(2)
petitions for:
(a) certiorari,
(b) prohibition,
(c) mandamus,
(d) quo
warranto, and
(e) habeas
corpus.
ARTICLE
8 SECTION 5 (1) OF 1987 CONSTITUTION
(3)
DISCIPLINARY proceedings against members of the judiciary and attorneys
RULE
56 SECTION 1 RULES OF COURT
(4)
Petition for WRIT OF AMPARO;
A.M.
No. 07-9-12-SC SECTION 3
(5)
Petition for HABEAS DATA;
A.M.
No. 08-1-16-SC SECTION 3
(6)
Petition for WRIT OF CONTINUING MANDAMUS
SECTION
2, RULE 8, PART III OF RULES OF PROCEDURE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CASES, AM NO
09-6-8-SC
(7)
Petition for WRIT OF KALIKASAN
SECTION
3, RULE 7, PART III OF RULES OF PROCEDURE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CASES, AM NO
09-6-8-SC
Exclusive
Original Jurisdiction
Over
petition for:
(1)
Certiorari;
(2)
Prohibition; and
(3)
Mandamus
against JUDGMENT,
FINAL ORDER and RESOLUTIONS of the following:
(a) Court
of Appeals;
(b) Sandiganbayan;
(c) Court
of Tax Appeals;
(d) Commission
on Elections;
(e) Commission
on Audit;
(f) Ombudsman
in Criminal Cases (Salavdor v. Mapa)
Appellate
Jurisdiction
(1)
Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari, as the law
or the Rules of Court may provide, final judgments and orders of lower courts
in:
(a) All
cases in which the CONSTITUTIONALITY or VALIDITY of any
treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree,
proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance, or regulation is in question;
(b) All
cases involving the LEGALITY of any tax, impost, assessment,
or toll, or any penalty imposed in relation thereto;
(c) All
cases in which the JURISDICTION OF ANY LOWER COURT is in
issue;
(d) All criminal
cases in which the PENALTY IMPOSED is reclusion
perpetua or higher;
(e) All
cases in which only an ERROR OR QUESTION OF LAW is involved.
ARTICLE
8 SECTION 5 (2) OF 1987 CONSTITUTION
(2)
May review DECISIONS of the lower courts by
way of PETITION FOR REVIEW ON CERTIORARI under RULE
45.
Over
JUDGMENT, FINAL ORDERS AND RESOLUTIONS of the following courts:
(a) Court
of Appeals under RULE 45;
(b) Sandiganbayan
under PD 1606 as amended by RAs 7975 and 8249;
(c) Court
of Tax Appeals en banc pursuant to RA 9282 Section 11 in relation to Rule 45;
(d) Regional
Trial Court under Rule 45;
(e) Court
of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, and Regional Trial Court in petition of Writ of
Amparo (Section 19 of A.M No. 07-9-12-SC);
(f) Court
of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, and Regional Trial Court in a petition for Habeas
Data
Concurrent
Jurisdiction
(1)
With the Court of Appeals in petitions for certiorari, prohibition, and
mandamus against the:
(a) Regional
Trial Court
(b) Civil
Service Commission
(c) Central
Board of Assessment Appeals
(d) National
Labor Relations Commission
(e) Other
quasi-judicial Agencies
(2)
With the Court of Appeals and the Regional Trial Court in petitions for
certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and habeas corpus against
the: lower courts and bodies.
(3)
With the Regional Trial Court in cases affecting ambassadors, public ministers,
and consuls.
*Note:
Concurrent jurisdictions are subject to the Doctrine of Hierarchy of
Courts.
COURT OF APPEALS
Original
Jurisdiction
(1) to
issue writs of :
(a) mandamus;
(b) prohibition;
(c) certiorari;
(d) habeas
corpus; and
(e) quo
warranto; and
(f) auxiliary
writs or processes, whether or not in aid of its appellate jurisdiction.
BP
BLG. 129 SECTION 9 (1)
(2)
Petition for WRIT OF AMPARO;
AM
NO.07-9-12-SC SECTION 3
(3)
Petition for HABEAS DATA;
AM NO.
08-1-16-SC SECTION 3
(4)
Petition for WRIT OF CONTINUING MANDAMUS
SECTION
2, RULE 8, PART III OF RULES OF PROCEDURE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CASES, AM NO
09-6-8-SC
(5)
Petition for WRIT OF KALIKASAN
SECTION
3, RULE 7, PART III OF RULES OF PROCEDURE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CASES, AM NO
09-6-8-SC
(6)
Petition for freeze order on any:
(a) monetary
instrument;
(b) property;
or
(c) proceeds
relating
to or involving any unlawful activity as defined under SECTION 3 (j) of RA 9160
AS AMENDED BY RA 9194
Exclusive
Original Jurisdiction
(1)
Over actions for ANNULMENT OF JUDGMENTS of Regional
Trial Court.
BP
BLG. 129 SECTION 9 (2)
(2)
Over petitions for CERTIORARI, PROHIBITION or MANDAMUS against:
(a) DECISIONS,
FINAL ORDERS and RESOLUTION of the REGIONAL TRIAL COURT;
(b) DECISIONS,
FINAL ORDERS and RESOLUTION of the NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS
COMMISSION;
(c) DECISIONS,
FINAL ORDERS of the SECRETARY OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT in
the exercise of its APPELLATE jurisdiction over DECISION, FINAL ORDERS of the
following OFFICES, to wit:
1. POEA
Administrator in the exercise of its adjudicatory function in case or violation
of the provisions of the Labor Code, and POEA Rules and Regulations;
2. DECISION
of the SECRETARY OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT over a decision of its duly authorized
representatives brought on APPEAL in case of violation of apprenticeship
agreement which is already final and executory; (ARTICLE 66 of the LABOR CODE);
3. DECISION
of the NATIONAL WAGE PRODUCTIVITY COMMISION ON APPEAL over WAGE ORDER by the
REGIONAL TRIPARTITE WAGE PRODUCTIVITY BOARD (ARTICLE 121 of the LABOR CODE, as
amended by HRA 6727);
4. DECISION
over DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTEMPT cases decide by the NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS
COMMISSION;
5. DECISION
of the SECRETARY OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT on APPEAL in case of denial of UNION
REGISTRATION by the Regional Director or the Bureau of Labor Relations (ARTICLE
236 of the LABOR CODE)
6. DECISION
of BUREAU OF LABOR RELATIONS on APPEAL over the order of cancellations of union
registration (ARTICLE 238 of the LABOR CODE); and
7. DECISIONS
of the SECRETARY OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT on APPEAL over the order of the BUREAU
OF LABOR RELATIONS over INTRA-LABOR DISPUTE.
Appellate
Jurisdiction
Exclusive
appellate jurisdiction over all final judgements, resolutions, orders,
awards of:
(1)
Regional Trial Court; and
(2)
quasi-judicial agencies,
(3)
instrumentalities,
(4)
board, or
(5)
commission
INCLUDING:
(1)
Securities and Exchange Commission;
(2)
Social Security Commission;
(3)
Employees Compensation Commission; and
(4)
Civil Service Commission
EXCEPT:
(1)
Those falling within the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, in
accordance with the Constitution;
(2)
the Labor Code of the Philippines under P.D No. 442, as amended;
(3)
the provisions of this act; and
(4) of
subparagraph 1 of the third paragraph and subparagraph 4 of the fourth
paragraph of Section 17 of the Judiciary Act of 1948.
BP
BLG. 129 SECTION 9 (3)
Exclusive
Appellate Jurisdiction
ORDINARY
APPEAL
(1)
Rule 41- over Regional Trial Court’s decisions in the exercise if its ORIGINAL
JURISDICTION (via NOTICE or RECORD OF APPEAL)
(2)
The DECISION of Regional Trial Courts in cases decided
by MeTC, MTC, MCTC, (in the exercise of RTC’s appellate jurisdiction) shall
be APPEALLABLE by PETITION FOR REVIEW (Rule 42) to
the COURT OF APPEALS which may give it due course ONLY when the
petition shows prima facie that the LOWER COURT has committed an ERROR
OF FACT or LAW that will warrant a REVERSAL or MODIFICATION of
the decision or judgment sought to be reviewed.
BP
BLG. 129 SECTION 22 LAST SENTENCE.
(3)
The QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES in the exercise of its QUASI-JUDICIAL
functions under RULE 43 of the 1997 Rules of Procedure.
(4)
The DECISION of MeTC, MTC, MCTC in the exercise of their DELEGATED
JURISDICTION IN CADASTRAL and LAND REGISTRATION.
BP
BLG. 129 SECTION 34 LAST SENTENCE.
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
Original
Jurisdiction
Exercise
original jurisdiction:
(1) In
the issuance of writs of:
(a) certiorari,
(b) prohibition,
(c) mandamus,
(d) quo
warranto,
(e) habeas
corpus, and
(f) injunction
which may be enforced in any part of their respective regions; and
(2) In
actions affecting:
(a) ambassadors,
(b) other
public ministers, and
(c) consuls
BP
BLG. 129 SECTION 21
(3)
Petition for WRIT OF AMPARO;
AM
NO.07-9-12-SC SECTION 3
(4)
Petition for HABEAS DATA;
AM
NO. 08-1-16-SC SECTION 3
(5)
Petition for WRIT OF CONTINUING MANDAMUS
SECTION
2, RULE 8, PART III OF RULES OF PROCEDURE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CASES, AM NO
09-6-8-SC
Exclusive
Original Jurisdiction
Exercise
exclusive original jurisdiction:
(1) In
all actions in which the subject of the litigation is INCAPBLE OF
PECUNIARY ESTIMATION;
(2) In
all civil actions which involve the TITLE TO, or POSSESSION
OF, real property, or any interest therein, where the ASSESSED
VALUE of the property involved exceeds TWENTY THOUSAND PESOS (P20,000.00)
or for civil actions in Metro Manila, where such the value exceeds FIFTY
THOUSAND PESOS (P50,000.00)
EXCEPT actions for FORCIBLE ENTRY and UNLAWFUL
DETAINER of lands or buildings, ORIGINAL JURISDICTION over
which is conferred upon Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal trial
Courts, and municipal Circuit Trial Courts;
(3) In
all actions in ADMIRALTY and MARITIME JURISDICTION where
the DEMAND or CLAIM exceeds THREE
HUNDRED THOUSAND PESOS (P300, 000.00) or, in Metro Manila, where such
demand or claim exceeds FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND PESOS (P400,
000.00).
(4) In
all MATTERS OF PROBATE, both testate and intestate, where the GROSS
VALUE OF THE ESTATE exceeds THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND PESOS (P300,000.00)
or in Metro Manila, where such gross value exceeds FOUR HUNDRED
THOUSAND PESOS (P400,000.00);
(5) In
all actions involving CONTRACT OF MARRIAGE and MARITAL
RELATIONS;
(6) In
all cases not within the EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION of any COURT,
TRIBUNAL, PERSON or BODY exercising JURISDICTION or
any COURT, TRIBUNAL, PERSON, OR BODY exercising JUDICIAL OR
QUASI-JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS;
(7) In
all civil actions and special proceedings falling within the EXCLUSIVE
JURISDICTION of a JUVENILE and DOMESTIC RELATIONS COURT and COURTS
OF AGRARIAN RELATIONS as now provided by law; and
(8) In
all other cases in which the DEMAND, exclusive of interest, damages
of whatever kind, attorney’s fees, litigation expenses, and costs or the VALUE
OF THE PROPERTY in controversy exceeds THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND
PESOS (P300,000.00) or, in such other cases in Metro Manila, where the
demand, exclusive of the abovementioned items exceeds FOUR HUNDRED
THOUSAND PESOS (P400,000.00)
BP
BLG. 129 SECTION 19 AS AMENDED BY R.A NO. 7691
OTHER
CASES FALLING UNDER THE EXCLUSIVE AND ORIGINAL JURISDICTION OF RTC
(9) Over cases involving INTRA-CORPORATE
CONTROVERSIES under the provisions of R.A 8799 (SRC) SECTION 5.2 as
amended by PD 902-A
(a) Cases
involving DEVICES OR SCHEMES employed by or any acts of the
board of directors, business associates, its offices or partnership, amounting
to fraud or misrepresentation which may be detrimental to the interest of the
public and/or of stockholders, partners, members of associations or organizations;
(b)
Controversies arising out of INTRACORPORATE OR PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS,
between and among stockholders, members or associates, between any and all of
them and the corporation, partnership, or association of which they are
stockholders, members or associates respectively, and between such corporation,
partnership or association and the state insofar as it concerns their
individual franchise or right to exist as such entity;
(c) Controversies
in ELECTION or APPOINTMENT of directors, trustees, officers,
or managers of such corporations, partnerships, or associations;
(d) Petitions
of corporations, partnerships or associations to be declared in the
STATE OF SUSPENSION OF PAYMENTS, in cases where the corporation,
partnership or association possesses sufficient property to cover all its debts
but foresees the impossibility of meeting them when the respectively due or in
cases where the corporation, partnership or association has no sufficient
assets to cover its liabilities, but is under management of a rehabilitation
receiver or management committee.
SPECIAL
JURISDICTION
The Supreme
Court may designate certain branches of the RTCs to handle exclusively:
(1)
Criminal Cases;
(2)
Juvenile and Domestic Relation Cases;
(3)
Agrarian Cases
(4)
Urban Land Reform Cases which do not fall under the jurisdiction of
QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES and AGENCIES; and/or
(4)
such OTHER SPECIAL CASES as the Supreme Court may determine in the interest of
a speedy and efficient administration of justice.
BP
BLG. 129 SECTION 23
MeTC, MTC, and MCTC
Exclusive
Original Jurisdiction
Exercise
exclusive original jurisdiction:
(1)
Over CIVIL ACTIONS AND PROBATE PROCEEDINGS, testate and intestate,
(2)
INCLUDING the GRANT of PROVISIONAL REMEDIES in proper cases,
where the value of PERSONAL PROPERTY, ESTATE, or amount of DEMAND does
not exceed THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND PESOS (P300,000.00) or, in
Metro Manila where such personal property, estate, or amount of the demand does
not exceed FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND PESOS (P200,00) exclusive of
interest damages of whatever kind, attorney’s fees, litigation expenses, and
costs, the amount of which must be specifically alleged;
PROVIDED, That where, there are several claims or
causes of action between the same or different parties, embodied in the same
compliant, the amount of demand shall be the totality of the claims in all the
causes of action, irrespective of whether the causes of action, irrespective of
whether the causes of the action arose out the same or different transactions;
BP BLG.
129 SECTION 33 (1) AS AMENDED BY R.A NO 7691
(3)
Over cases of:
(a) Forcible
entry; and
(b) Unlawful
detainer
PROVIDED,
THAT WHEN, in such cases, the defendant raises the question of OWNERSHIP in
his pleadings and the question of POSSESSION cannot be
resolved without deciding the issue of ownership, the ISSUE
OF OWNERSHIP shall be resolved only to determine the issue of
possession.
BP BLG
129 SECTION 33 (2)
(4) In
all civil actions which involve TITLE TO, or POSSESSION
OF, real property, or any interest therein where the ASSESSED value of
the property or interest therein does not exceed TWENTY
THOUSAND PESOS (P20,000.00) or, in civil actions in Metro Manila,
where such assessed value does not exceed FIFTY THOUSAND
PESOS (P50,000.00) exclusive of interest, damages of whatever kind,
attorney’s fees, litigation expenses and costs:
PROVIDED, That the value of such property shall be
determined by the assessed value of the adjacent lots.
BP
BLG. 129 SECTION 33 (3) AS AMENDED BY R.A NO 7691
TAX COLLECTION
CASES
In tax
collection cases involving final and executory assessments for taxes,
fees, charges and penalties: Provided, however, That collection cases
where the principal amount of taxes and fees, exclusive of charges and
penalties, claimed is less than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) shall
be tried by the proper Municipal Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court and
Regional Trial Court.
RA NO.
9282 SECTION 7 (c) (1)
(5)
Over civil cases covered by the rules on SUMMARY PROCEDURE.
(a) Forcible
Entry and unlawful detainer, irrespective of the amount of damages or
unpaid rentals sought to be recovered.
Note:
REGARDLESS OF THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY
(b)
All other cases, except probate proceedings, where the total amount
of the plaintiff’s claim does not exceed P100, 000.00
or P200, 000.00 in Metro Manila, exclusive of interest and cost.
SECTION
1, REVISED RULE ON SUMMARY PROCEDURE AS AMENDED BY A.M NO.02-11-09-SC
(6)
SMALL CLAIM CASES (300,000.00)
SECTION
2 OF A.M NO. 08-8-7 on the RULES ON SMALL CLAIMS CASES
SANDIGANBAYAN
Original
Jurisdiction
Civil
and criminal cases filed pursuant to and in connection with Executive Order
Nos. 1, 2, 14 and 14-A, (ill-gotten wealth cases) issued in 1986.
R.A
No. 8249 SECTION 4
Exclusive
Original Jurisdiction
Has
exclusive original jurisdiction over petitions;
(1)
for the issuance of the writs of:
(a) mandamus,
(b) prohibition,
(c) certiorari,
(d) habeas
corpus,
(e) injunctions,
and
(f) other
ancillary writs and processes in aid of its appellate jurisdictions; and
(2) of
similar nature, including quo warranto, arising or that may arise in cases
filed or which may be filed under EO Nos. 1,2,14 and 14-A, issued in 1986:
POVIDED, That the jurisdiction over theses petitions
shall not be exclusive of the Supreme Court
RA No.
8249 SECTION 4
Appellate
Jurisdiction
Exercise
exclusive appellate jurisdiction over FINAL JUDGMENTS, RESOLUTIONS or
ORDERS of Regional Trial Court whether in the exercise of their
own ORIGINAL jurisdiction or their APPELLATE jurisdiction.
Villanueva
v. People
COURT OF TAX APPEALS
Exclusive
Appellate Jurisdiction
Exercise
exclusive appellate jurisdiction to review by appeal, as herein provided:
(1) DECISIONS of
the COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE in cases involving:
(a) disputed
assessments,
(b) refunds
of revenue taxes, fees, or other charges, penalties in relation thereto, or
(c) other
matters arising under the National Internal revenue or other laws administered
by the Bureau of Internal Revenue;
(2) INACTION by
the COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE in cases involving:
(a) disputed
assessments,
(b) refunds
of revenue taxes, fees, or other charges, penalties in relation thereto, or
(c) other
matters arising under the National Internal revenue or other laws administered
by the Bureau of Internal Revenue;
where
the National Internal Revenue Code provides a specific period of action, in
which case the inaction shall be deemed a denial;
(3) DECISIONS,
ORDERS, or RESOLUTIONS of the Regional Trial Courts in LOCAL
TAX cases originally decided or resolved by them in the exercise of
their ORIGINAL or APPELLATE jurisdiction;
(4)
DECISIONS of the COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS in cases involving:
(a) Liability
for customs duties, fees or other money charges;
(b) Seizure,
detention or release of property affected;
(c) Fines,
forfeitures or other penalties in relation thereto, or
(d) other
matters arising under the Customs Law or other laws administered by the Bureau
of Customs;
(5) DECISIONS of
the CENTRAL BOARD OF ASSESSMENT APPEALS in the exercise of
its APPELLATE jurisdiction over cases involving the assessment
and taxation of real property originally decided by the provincial or city
board of assessment appeals.
(6) DECISIONS of SECRETARY
OF FINANCE on cases elevated to him automatically for review
from the decisions of the Commissioner of Customs which are adverse to the
Government under Section 2315 of the Tariff and Customs Code;
RA NO.
9282 SECTION 7
(7)
DECISIONS of:
(a) SECRETARY
OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY, in the case of non-agricultural product, commodity or
article (SECTION 301 TARIFF and CUSTOM CODE); and
(b) the
SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE in case of agricultural product, commodity or article,
involving dumping and countervailing duties (SECTION 302 TARIFF and CUSTOM
CODE); and
(c) SAFEGUARD
MEASURES under RA 8800, where either party may appeal the decision to
impose or not to impose said duties.
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